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Welcome back! Let's break down the core ideas we've covered in JavaScript so far: variables, conditionals, and data structures like arrays and objects. Now, we're moving on to another essential concept in programming—looping. Looping allows us to repeat code in a variety of ways, far beyond simply printing “hello” ten times. There are many scenarios where you'll need code to run multiple times, such as when a game keeps looping until the player wins or loses. We'll explore several types of loops and different ways to repeat logic in your scripts. Our main goals in this section are to understand the four primary loop types in JavaScript. We'll start with the for loop: how to write them, their syntax, and practical uses. We'll do the same for while loops and discuss infinite loops—what causes them and how to avoid them. Then, we'll see how to use loops with data structures like arrays and objects, which is a common task when working with collections of data. Loops are all about executing a block of code repeatedly. Sometimes each repetition performs the same action, such as printing a message multiple times. Other times, each iteration works with different data—like summing each number in an array. This is where loops shine: instead of writing repetitive code, you can write a loop to handle it efficiently. In addition to the for and while loops, we'll look at the for...of and for...in loops, which are handy for iterating over arrays and objects. Let's look at two practical examples. First, consider a webpage displaying posts—like a subreddit showcasing videos by talented artisans. Behind the scenes, all this data is stored in an array of post objects. Each object includes properties like the post’s title, link, creator, upvotes, comments, date, and more. A loop iterates over this array to render each post on the page. Whether there are ten posts or a thousand, the same loop dynamically displays all the content—none of it is hard-coded. For our second example, think about a game like 2048. Every time you press an arrow key, the game logic runs. The main loop keeps checking for playable moves and continues as long as the board isn’t locked. Once there are no more moves, the loop ends, and the game is over. This shows a loop that runs an unpredictable number of times, repeating logic until a certain condition is met—such as no more available moves. In summary, loops allow you to repeat actions for a set or dynamic number of iterations. They’re indispensable for tasks like processing data structures or running ongoing game logic. Up next, we’ll dive into writing your first for loop.

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